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Force |
Wind |
WMO |
Appearance of Wind Effects |
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|
On the Water |
On Land |
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0 |
Less than 1 |
Calm |
Sea surface smooth and mirror-like |
Calm, smoke rises vertically |
|
|
1 |
1-3 |
Light Air |
Scaly ripples, no foam crests |
Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still wind vanes |
|
|
2 |
4-6 |
Light Breeze |
Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking |
Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes begin to move |
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|
3 |
7-10 |
Gentle Breeze |
Large wavelets, crests begin to break, scattered whitecaps |
Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended |
|
|
4 |
11-16 |
Moderate Breeze |
Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming longer, numerous whitecaps |
Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small tree branches move |
|
|
5 |
17-21 |
Fresh Breeze |
Moderate waves 4-8 ft taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray |
Small trees in leaf begin to sway |
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|
6 |
22-27 |
Strong Breeze |
Larger waves 8-13 ft, whitecaps common, more spray |
Larger tree branches moving, whistling in wires |
|
|
7 |
28-33 |
Near Gale |
Sea heaps up, waves 13-20 ft, white foam streaks off breakers |
Whole trees moving, resistance felt walking against wind |
|
|
8 |
34-40 |
Gale |
Moderately high (13-20 ft) waves of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam blown in streaks |
Whole trees in motion, resistance felt walking against wind |
|
|
9 |
41-47 |
Strong Gale |
High waves (20 ft), sea begins to roll, dense streaks of foam, spray may reduce visibility |
Slight structural damage occurs, slate blows off roofs |
|
|
10 |
48-55 |
Storm |
Very high waves (20-30 ft) with overhanging crests, sea white with densely blown foam, heavy rolling, lowered visibility |
Seldom experienced on land, trees broken or uprooted, "considerable structural damage" |
|
|
11 |
56-63 |
Violent Storm |
Exceptionally high (30-45 ft) waves, foam patches cover sea, visibility more reduced |
|
|
|
12 |
64+ |
Hurricane |
Air filled with foam, waves over 45 ft, sea completely white with driving spray, visibility greatly reduced |
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|